Social Medi A Good Thing Or Bad Thing - 1727 Words

Social media has revolutionized the way United States society functions. Society will change based on technology whether we like it tor not; it depends on how we use technology to see the positive and negative effects of it. It is up to the individual whether or not to let social medias take over his or her life. From kids to teens to adults technology is crucial part in daily life. It is important to find a balance between social media and a personal life. It is up to the individual to create a limit of social media use, since it has positive and negative effects. In some cases the negative outweighs the positive. There are many thoughts on whether or not social media is good or bad. An article called, â€Å"Social Media – A Good Thing or a Bad Thing?† (2012) written by, Syed Noman Ali, the SEO Manager of Cygnis Media, focuses on the positive and negative opinion people have for social media. Some positive effects that are written in the article are how people can connect through social media. It is a platform where people can have the opportunity to meet others and find people who were out of touch. It is also a place where people can voice their own opinion. Social media has become a place where individuals have had amazing business opportunities that has positively changed their lives. All these reasons are important but the negative effects outweigh the positive ones. To use social media in a great amount daily can cause many negative effects to an individual mentally andShow MoreRelatedMedia Essay : The Negative Effects Of Social Media734 Words   |  3 PagesSOCIAL MEDIA According to Lisa Buyer, Social media is today’s most transparent, engaging and interactive form of public relations. It combines the true grit of real time content with the beauty of authentic peer to peer communication. social media have a lot of side effects, but there more negative effect than positive effect There are many negative effect of social media. The first one is cyberbullying. Cyberbyllying is an act of harassment towards someone else through an internet or social mediaRead MoreMeds For Mental Health Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesreally something physically wrong with you. Being a kid in the foster care or the JD (Juvenile Delinquent) systems isn’t easy but being given the meds for depression and anxiety when it’s not needed is not a good thing. This report covers antidepressants and antipsychotics are good and bad More kids being put on antipsychotics and antidepressants Kids are being put on antipsychotics and antidepressants in California and the people who put them on the drugs and aren’t telling people. In La countyRead MoreCase Study - Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism1567 Words   |  7 Pagescustomers and make them feel the joy of taste. This article was published in 2012. The content is about the Millenia’s food and wine festival. Thus, it means they are still holding the festival each year. More than that, they‘ve been doing many things inside of the hotel. In 2011, they opened outdoor function space – Millenia Pavillion, completed renovation of 608 rooms and suites Also, their bathroom was chosen as the world’s sexiest bathroom. In 2012, they ranked top on Customer SatisfactionRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1558 Words   |  7 Pagesbystander. The issue of the nationwide legalization of medical marijuana is one that infringes both in political and social standards. Be it that marijuana is subsequently abused, and utilized as an illegal drug. It is regarded highly, as a controversial issue which affects the amenity of conservative, modern America. Because of which one should further seek to understand. Things like its history, correlation with crime, effects on economy, effects on the user and socio-cultural demographics. IfRead MoreHealthcare Initiatives Of The United States2925 Words   |  12 Pagessystems set up in the United States. The Social Security Administration, for examples, provides Medicare for individuals who are sixty-five years old and older; and individual states provide Medicaid for low income families (ADD). Background of Medicaid In 1977, the Healthcare Care Financing Administration (HCFA), a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Health Human Service (DHHS), was established to take charge of both programs (ADD). The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsibleRead MoreJob Training : What Policy Could Help This Mom Apply, Receive And / Or Keep A Job?2528 Words   |  11 Pages Alberta Kaichian Lori Saldate Rebecca Lorenz Shirley Pershell Social Work 534 Assignment #2 Policies to Help Families I. Job training: what policy could help this mom apply, receive and/or keep a job? The article entitled â€Å"Caught in the Cycle of Poverty,† was published in the Los Angeles Times on May 24, 2012, and it attempts to look at the difficulty a woman named Natalie Cole goes through, trying to find a steady job (Gorman, 2012). With the growing rate of unemployment, jobRead MoreThe Importance of Medicare in the Healthcare System2289 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen one of the major targets of globalization. One main dilemma is the escalating internationalization of health risks. Regardless of how this terminology is described, this term has several aspects, including economic, technological, political, social, scientific and cultural aspects (Chovan et al 2001). The relations between globalization and health are intricate and globalization is a comprehensive phenomenon that can have an effect on health in numerous ways. As an alternative, those risks toRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 PagesIn addition to being young, the majority of women are beautiful, very thin, passive, and primarily concerned with relationships and getting rings out of collars and commodes. There are a few bad, bitchy women, and they are not so pretty, not so subordinate, and not so caring as the good women. Most of the bad ones work outside of the home, which is probably why they are hardened and undesirable. The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business deals, exciting adventures,Read MoreEmployee Morale8877 Words   |  36 Pagesis not static thing, but it changes depending on working conditions, superiors, fellow workers pay and so on Morale may range from very high to very low. High Morale is evident from the positive feelings of employees such as enthusiasm, desire to obey orders, willingness to co-operate with coworkers. Poor or low Morale becomes obvious from the negative feelings of employees such as dissatisfaction, discouragement or dislike of the job. Prof. Mee, However, holds the view that â€Å"Good employee morale

The War Of The Vietnam War - 1608 Words

Every great form of government must be open to change. If a country is not open to change, then they are doomed to fail. That doesn’t mean all, change can be considered a good thing or a bad thing, but is a necessary natural phenomenon to help keep up with the modern times. In the United States (U.S) government s case, this change was thrust upon them in the form of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam war forced the U.S’s hand in adopting a very aggressive form of foreign policy. The Vietnam war was highly controversial and unpopular with the American public. The United States’ involvement in the Vietnam war lasted from 1965-1972, and it was the first war to fight Guerilla fighters head on in the U.S. This pressured the U.S to adopt a very aggressive form of foreign policy to combat communist guerilla fighters. Vietnam was not a mistake and was doomed to fail to begin with because before there were any U.S troops in the country the U.S was funding the South Vietnamese government the U.S had given the South Vietnamese $770 million. (Haugen 10) The money, however, was not being used properly, and at that point the U.S should have known that even if they went and occupied the country, it still wouldn’t have helped anything especially when the country had very a very small strategic importance. Regardless the U.S intervened and got more than they bargained for.or the first time, the U.S experienced a situation where they would need to change their foreign policy to combat thisShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime w ar in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pageson one such event, the Vietnam War, came from entertainment-based programs and the play Miss Saigon. Despite heavy coverage in such well-known comedic films as Forrest Gump and Good Morning Vietnam, the true events were anything but a laugh for those involved. In spite of the relative recentness of the events in Vietnam, many of today’s youths know little about the topic. The events in Vietnam raise the ever-present question on the ethics of third party involvement in a war otherwise unrelated toRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesspread of communism all around the world. This is what lead to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in America as the Vietnam War dragged on. As people became more aware of the atrocities going on in Southeast Asia, the endless domestic support turned into widespread explosive protest. During the first few years of the Vietnam conflict, Americans full heartedly supported the United States and its governmentRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1379 Words   |  6 Pagestensions over the Vietnam war caused many americans to become divided on the actions taken by the government across seas. Americans questioned whether the government could be trusted. The feeling of betrayal and government secrecy created the â€Å"Credibility Gap,† in which many americans believed that the government no longer was for the people, but for anything else that would benefit the government. The Vietnam War exacerbated the gap between the pro-war traditionalists and anti-war liberals along withRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1430 Words   |  6 Pagesended in 1989, the Vietnam war is still being fought, but on a different battlefield, one of public opinion. Some call this war an atrocity, a war the United States should never have joined. Others call it a crime, committed by the power hungry politicians of the U.S. Now that new information from both sides of the war has surfaced and the wounds of battle have had more time to heal there is yet another opinion emerging. The Vietnam War was in fact only one of many proxy wars fought under the umbrellaRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War cost many Americans their lives in the 60s and 70s. Many were drafted into the war by choice and others selectively chosen to join to help America. The contributions made had a major impact on the American side of the Vietnam War. Though many contributions were made none stand out any more than others. It is sometimes said there is always a hero in the war who helped the victory. Wars, however, do not have war heroes because a hero is making an undeniable contribution to the war andRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was said to be one of the most significant wars in the twentieth century. This w ar took place from November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975. It was at the time, the longest war in American history. Much of the conflict was centered in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. During that time, approximately 58,219 US troops were killed in action. The reason America got involved in the Vietnam War was to stop the spread of communism in South East Asia and beyond. â€Å"America’s involvement in Vietnam derivedRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1204 Words   |  5 Pagesus†¦ When that is the way you are, how do you conduct your life?† The Vietnam War killed over fifty eight thousand Americans and over 61% of the men killed were 21 years or younger. Most Americans are conflicted with the fact whether the Anti War Movement played a factor in prolonging the Vietnamese War. â€Å"In every story there are two sides and in between lies the truth.† Anonymous The United States become involved in Vietnam after the French withdrew when the Republican President Dwight EisenhowerRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War877 Words   |  4 PagesAnother big difference in this war was that the Vietnam War was had more disapproval and was more expressive within the American public, unlike the Korean War. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn July and August of 1972, Jane Fonda made radio broadcasts from Hanoi that changed the way Americans thought of the Vietnam war and of her. To this day, many people view her as a traitor and criticise her actions in Vietnam; however, some people we re truly inspired by her words and what she had to say. Despite people s personal opinions, Fonda was a powerful speaker and knew how to convey her message to her audience. She tried to convince people that the American government and military were the

Deception Point Page 108 Free Essays

Exhausted, Tolland looked up at the underbelly of the thundering tilt-rotor airplane. Deafening gusts pounded down off its horizontal propellers. As Rachel rose on a cable, numerous sets of hands pulled her into the fuselage. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 108 or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Tolland watched her dragged to safety, his eyes spotted a familiar man crouched half-naked in the doorway. Corky? Tolland’s heart soared. You’re alive! Immediately, the harness fell from the sky again. It landed ten feet away. Tolland wanted to swim for it, but he could already feel the sucking sensation of the plume. The relentless grip of the sea wrapped around him, refusing to let go. The current pulled him under. He fought toward the surface, but the exhaustion was overwhelming. You’re a survivor, someone was saying. He kicked his legs, clawing toward the surface. When he broke through into the pounding wind, the harness was still out of reach. The current strained to drag him under. Looking up into the torrent of swirling wind and noise, Tolland saw Rachel. She was staring down, her eyes willing him up toward her. It took Tolland four powerful strokes to reach the harness. With his last ounce of strength, he slid his arm and head up into the loop and collapsed. All at once the ocean was falling away beneath him. Tolland looked down just as the gaping vortex opened. The megaplume had finally reached the surface. William Pickering stood on the bridge of the Goya and watched in dumbstruck awe as the spectacle unfolded all around him. Off the starboard of the Goya’s stern, a huge basinlike depression was forming on the surface of the sea. The whirlpool was hundreds of yards across and expanding fast. The ocean spiraled into it, racing with an eerie smoothness over the lip. All around him now, a guttural moan reverberated out of the depths. Pickering’s mind was blank as he watched the hole expanding toward him like the gaping mouth of some epic god hungry for sacrifice. I’m dreaming, Pickering thought. Suddenly, with an explosive hiss that shattered the windows of the Goya’s bridge, a towering plume of steam erupted skyward out of the vortex. A colossal geyser climbed overhead, thundering, its apex disappearing into the darkened sky. Instantly, the funnel walls steepened, the perimeter expanding faster now, chewing across the ocean toward him. The stern of the Goya swung hard toward the expanding cavity. Pickering lost his balance and fell to his knees. Like a child before God, he gazed downward into the growing abyss. His final thoughts were for his daughter, Diana. He prayed she had not known fear like this when she died. The concussion wave from the escaping steam hurled the Osprey sideways. Tolland and Rachel held each other as the pilots recovered, banking low over the doomed Goya. Looking out, they could see William Pickering-the Quaker-kneeling in his black coat and tie at the upper railing of the doomed ship. As the stern fishtailed out over the brink of the massive twister, the anchor cable finally snapped. With its bow proudly in the air, the Goya slipped backward over the watery ledge, sucked down the steep spiraling wall of water. Her lights were still glowing as she disappeared beneath the sea. 131 The Washington morning was clear and crisp. A breeze sent eddies of leaves skittering around the base of the Washington Monument. The world’s largest obelisk usually awoke to its own peaceful image in the reflecting pool, but today the morning brought with it a chaos of jostling reporters, all crowding around the monument’s base in anticipation. Senator Sedgewick Sexton felt larger than Washington itself as he stepped from his limousine and strode like a lion toward the press area awaiting him at the base of the monument. He had invited the nation’s ten largest media networks here and promised them the scandal of the decade. Nothing brings out the vultures like the smell of death, Sexton thought. In his hand, Sexton clutched the stack of white linen envelopes, each elegantly wax-embossed with his monogrammed seal. If information was power, then Sexton was carrying a nuclear warhead. He felt intoxicated as he approached the podium, pleased to see his improvised stage included two â€Å"fameframes†-large, free-standing partitions that flanked his podium like navy-blue curtains-an old Ronald Reagan trick to ensure he stood out against any backdrop. Sexton entered stage right, striding out from behind the partition like an actor out of the wings. The reporters quickly took their seats in the several rows of folding chairs facing his podium. To the east, the sun was just breaking over the Capitol dome, shooting rays of pink and gold down on Sexton like rays from heaven. A perfect day to become the most powerful man in the world. â€Å"Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,† Sexton said, laying the envelopes on the lectern before him. â€Å"I will make this as short and painless as possible. The information I am about to share with you is, frankly, quite disturbing. These envelopes contain proof of a deceit at the highest levels of government. I am ashamed to say that the President called me half an hour ago and begged me-yes, begged me-not to go public with this evidence.† He shook his head with dismay. â€Å"And yet, I am a man who believes in the truth. No matter how painful.† Sexton paused, holding up the envelopes, tempting the seated crowd. The reporters’ eyes followed the envelopes back and forth, a pack of dogs salivating over some unknown delicacy. The President had called Sexton a half hour ago and explained everything. Herney had talked to Rachel, who was safely aboard a plane somewhere. Incredibly, it seemed the White House and NASA were innocent bystanders in this fiasco, a plot masterminded by William Pickering. Not that it matters, Sexton thought. Zach Herney is still going down hard. Sexton wished he could be a fly on the wall of the White House right now to see the President’s face when he realized Sexton was going public. Sexton had agreed to meet Herney at the White House right now to discuss how best to tell the nation the truth about the meteorite. Herney was probably standing in front of a television at this very moment in dumbfounded shock, realizing that there was nothing the White House could do to stop the hand of fate. â€Å"My friends,† Sexton said, letting his eyes connect with the crowd. â€Å"I have weighed this heavily. I have considered honoring the President’s desire to keep this data secret, but I must do what is in my heart.† Sexton sighed, hanging his head like a man trapped by history. â€Å"The truth is the truth. I will not presume to color your interpretation of these facts in any way. I will simply give you the data at face value.† In the distance, Sexton heard the beating of huge helicopter rotors. For a moment, he wondered if maybe the President were flying over from the White House in a panic, hoping to halt the press conference. That would be the icing on the cake, Sexton thought mirthfully. How guilty would Herney appear THEN? â€Å"I do not take pleasure in doing this,† Sexton continued, sensing his timing was perfect. â€Å"But I feel it is my duty to let the American people know they have been lied to.† The aircraft thundered in, touching down on the esplanade to their right. When Sexton glanced over, he was surprised to see it was not the presidential helicopter after all, but rather a large Osprey tilt-rotor airplane. The fuselage read: United States Coast Guard Baffled, Sexton watched as the cabin door opened and a woman emerged. She wore an orange Coast Guard parka and looked disheveled, like she’d been through a war. She strode toward the press area. For a moment, Sexton didn’t recognize her. Then it hit him. Rachel? He gaped in shock. What the hell is SHE doing here? A murmur of confusion went through the crowd. Pasting a broad smile on his face, Sexton turned back to the press and raised an apologetic finger. â€Å"If you could give me just one minute? I’m terribly sorry.† He heaved the weary, good-natured sigh. â€Å"Family first.† How to cite Deception Point Page 108, Essay examples

Health Promotion for Breast Cancer Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discsus about the Health Promotion for Breast Cancer. Answer: Breast cancer is the most common form of the diagnosed cancer in the states of Australia in the year 2013. It has also been one of the most diagnosed diseases in Australia. It has been estimated that it will become one of the most common form of diagnosed cancer in the year of 2017 both among the males and among females. This has occurred because that there are incidence of the prostate cancer, which is the most common form of cancer, has been expected to decline a very higher magnitude (Lawler et al., 2017). Moreover, this essay focuses on health promotion of the disease of cancer. The health promotion makes the people aware about the growing number of this disease in their country. Therefore, the target group set for this promotion in the teenaged girl students of the Charles Darwin University. These students are used for having the proper campaigning of the health promotion that are being organized to aware the people about the problems they are facing due to the breast cancer. In the year 2013, there has been cases that there has been 16,045 new amount of cases that have been diagnosed with breast cancer in the country of Australia where 142 males and 15902 females are diagnosed with the disease. In the year 2017, it was recorded that 17,730 new form of cases of the breast cancer have been diagnosed in Australia where 144 were males and 17,586 were females. In the year 2013, the age standardized rate of the incidence was 64 cases per 100,000 persons out of which 1.1 percent was the male gender and 123 were for females. In the year 2017, it was observed that the risk for the individuals being diagnosed with the problem of breast cancer at their 84th Birthday and that would be 1 out of 14 cases (Sharma, 2016). The numbers of the new cases with breast cancer were diagnosed to have increased from 5371 in the year 1982 to 16045 in the year 2013 (Matsoso Fryatt, 2013). It has been observed in the same period, the age standardized form of the rate of incidence have risen from the level of 44 cases per 100000persons to the rate of 64 cases per 100000 in the year 2013 (Biswas et al., 2015). It has been also observed in recent times that the death has been occurring at a huge level due to breast cancer (Biswas et al., 2015). However, in the year of 2014, Australia became the fourth leading nation where breast cancer became the important factor death. During the year 2014, the second most common form of death is observed to be from cancer amongst the female population. It has been estimated that it will always remain the most common form of death that can cause cancer in the year 2017. Moreover, it was also observed that 2844 deaths are caused due to breast cancer for females and in the year of 2017, 3114 deaths were recorded due to breast cancer in females. However, it has been observed most of the people who are residing in Australia are going through the problem of breast cancer from a very long time. Therefore, it is very important for the people to be aware of the disease and implement the basic lifestyle changes that are needed to prevent the disease (Black et al., 2015). The health promotions are a very basic form of promotion to aware the people about their ailing issue that has been a relevant factor in todays world (Matsoso Fryatt, 2013). There has been a global form of acceptance in the heath and the social well being that are being determined by the multiple factors that are being outside the systems of the health that can include the socio economic conditions, learning the different aspects of the environment, the patterns of the family, the cultural and the social form of the fabrics of the societies, the changes in the socio economical societies. It also includes the commercialization and trade of the changes in the global environment (Sharma, 2016). Promotion of the health can be effectively addressed by adopting a holistic approach that are done for empowering the individuals and the communities. It is done by taking the actions of the health by fostering the leadership in the domain of public health and promoting the intersectoral actions for building the health policies for all the sectors and for creating the sustainable form of the health systems. Although, it is not a new form of concept, the promotion of the health has been receiving a impetus manner of the following Alma Ata declaration. There have been huge efforts that can be taken on encompassing the actions of the health at the community levels, strengthening the systems of the health and having the partnership of the multi sectors that can be directed from the specific conditions of the health. This phenomenon should include the approach that is setting based and should promote the needs that to be built for all the policies and it should be utilized in an efficient manner that will lead for having a positive outcome to the health in the specific form of the settings that includes the schools, workplaces, hospitals and the areas of residence. The promotion of the health needs to build the policies that can be utilized efficiently for leading a positive form of the outcomes of the health (Short et al., 2015). Therefore, to have a promotion in the province of Darwin, it is necessary to have a proper plan that can be implemented for gaining a large amount of benefit with making the people aware about the various causes of the disease. A slogan like Save the Women must be formed to start the promotion of the breast cancer. However, it has been seen that the teenagers in Darwin are not aware of the disease. They are not at all aware about the symptoms and the fatal causes of the disease. Therefore, to avoid the occurrence of the disease, the main tool that are needed for stopping the disease is to change the lifestyle of the people. However, the genetic factor cannot be controlled but the lifestyle modifications are the factors that can be changed and hence modified. Therefore, by promoting about the various lifestyles strategies that can be adopted to decrease the level of occurrence of the disease, the plan can be made successful. One of the promising approaches that can be tailored for the barriers and the increase in the rates of the screening of the mammography is the use of the peer health educators who hail from the same cultural background and there can be the same cultures of the community of the target immigrant (Short et al., 2015). However, there have been the evidences from the North Carolina Breast Screening Program is the use of the peer health educators for the same culture that can be one of the target immigrant of the community. Their study have derived that the black women often felt the support that are been received from the lay health advisors that are been encouraged them to do so. In a more systematic form of the study, it was demonstrated that there are effects of the peer health educators in the who have matched the ethnicity of the target population for the statistically significant form of the improvements in the screening of the mammography. The usage of the peer educators is a form of the individual directed interventions. However, whenever the approach has been combined with the strategies that are access enhancing strategies that are used includes the bilingual form of the small media, arrangements of the appointments, individual form of the appointments, the individual form of the reminders, transportations and the screening uptake that are more effective than the individual form of strategies that are directed alone. The cancer screening approaches in the Asian population can be improved through the utilization of the multiple strategies that are that re been included for the peer health educators (Matsoso Fryatt, 2013). In another form of the study, the Latinos enrolled in the promotion of the cardiovascular promotion programs for using the lay health advisors for reporting the increased form of awareness and motivation for incorporating and motivating the positive form of health practices like taking healthier fo rm of food, taking precautions, consulting the doctor if there are any form of swelling or irritation in the breasts etc. The peer health educators are a form of outreach strategy that is very common amongst the diverse form of the ethnocultural groups (Reis et al., 2016). However, there are very less amount of studies to support the experiences of the women of Australia with the peer health educator program that have been utilized in the multiple forms of the strategies (Reis et al., 2016). The purposes of this essay to aware the population about the alarming rise in the breast cancer in women. However, the essay also foresees that whether the women are getting any help from the peer group educators are beneficial for the ailing women or not (Reis et al., 2016). Nevertheless, the health promotions are majorly done for reaching the audiences through the multicultural and the community events, the appropriate form of the media, the intermittent form of the health sessions of the women and the healthy lifestyle adaptations of the women and also through the services for the cancer screening. Peer health ed ucators also supported immigrant women to access other health care and community services unrelated to screening. Public health nurses (PHNs) and four peer health educators on a chronic disease prevention team collaborated with cancer screening services and womens health services to facilitate access for immigrant women. From the various studies it has been found that the campaign in the Western Australia is a successful form of tackling the various promotions that are done for promoting the unproven form of the technologies of breast imaging that are used for detecting the breast cancer. For reflecting the campaign, it was found that there is evidence of five composite factors that have contributed to their success (Sharma, 2016). These generally includes, being opportunist, collating the evidences, the usage of the existing form of the regulatory channels, the engagement of the media and finding the right mix of the professional skills and the campaigning team. However, the Cancer Council of the Western Australia have been focused on staying appraised on the developments in the unproven form of the imagery of the industry of breast cancer. This effectively monitors the activity of the industry on the different websites and on the social network sites (Sharma, 2016). The Cancer Council of the Western Australia has also advocated that the campaign have conducted against the backdrop of the constant interaction with the media. This has effectively promoted the customer message that the women should not rely upon for the unproven form of the commercial breast imaging technologies for detecting the breast cancer (Reis et al., 2016). However, it has been found that communication is very difficult tasks, as the climate tends to intensify the scientific form of debates about the merits of the screening for mammographic breast cancer. The campaign however, emphasizes despite their limitations of the mammography that remains in the standards of gold (Green Thorogood, 2013). Nevertheless, it can be hoped that the Cancer Council of the Australian experience that will provide the useful model that can advocate who are the concerned person for the unsafe form of the consumer products, that have unproven the medical devices or for misleading the health information and advertising. Therefore, the essay summarizes that how the healthcare promotion can be done and how they can be beneficial for the population of Australia. References Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., Alter, D. A. (2015). Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adultsa systematic review and meta-analysissedentary time and disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization.Annals of internal medicine,162(2), 123-132. Black, K. Z., Johnson, L. S., Samuel-Hodge, C. D., Gupta, L., Sundaresan, A., Nicholson, W. K. (2017). Perceived barriers and preferred components for physical activity interventions in African-American survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with type 2 diabetes: the SUCCESS framework.Supportive Care in Cancer, 1-10. Brown, M. L., Klabunde, C. N., Cronin, K. A., White, M. C., Richardson, L. C., McNeel, T. S. (2014). Peer Reviewed: Challenges in Meeting Healthy People 2020 Objectives for Cancer-Related Preventive Services, National Health Interview Survey, 2008 and 2010.Preventing chronic disease,11. Caperchione, C. M., Sabiston, C. M., Clark, M. I., Bottorff, J. L., Toxopeus, R., Campbell, K. L., ... Gotay, C. (2016). Innovative approach for increasing physical activity among breast cancer survivors: protocol for Project MOVE, a quasi-experimental study.BMJ open,6(8), e012533. Eakin, E. G., Hayes, S. C., Haas, M. R., Reeves, M. M., Vardy, J. L., Boyle, F., ... Koczwara, B. (2015). Healthy Living after Cancer: a dissemination and implementation study evaluating a telephone-delivered healthy lifestyle program for cancer survivors.BMC cancer,15(1), 992. Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. (2016).Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Green, J., Thorogood, N. (2013).Qualitative methods for health research. Sage. Huseb, A. M. L., Karlsen, B., Allan, H., Sreide, J. A., Bru, E. (2015). Factors perceived to influence exercise adherence in women with breast cancer participating in an exercise programme during adjuvant chemotherapy: a focus group study.Journal of clinical nursing,24(3-4), 500-510. Lawler, S., Maher, G., Brennan, M., Goode, A., Reeves, M. M., Eakin, E. (2017). Get Healthy after Breast Cancer-examining the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of referring breast cancer survivors to a general population telephone-delivered program targeting physical activity, healthy diet and weight loss.Supportive Care in Cancer,25(6), 1953-1962. Maneze, D., DiGiacomo, M., Salamonson, Y., Descallar, J., Davidson, P. M. (2015). Facilitators and barriers to health-seeking behaviours among Filipino migrants: inductive analysis to inform health promotion.BioMed research international,2015. Matsoso, M. P., Fryatt, R. (2013). National Health Insurance: the first 18 months.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,103(3), 154-155. Peate, M., Smith, S. K., Pye, V., Hucker, A., Stern, C., Stafford, L., ... Hickey, M. (2017). Assessing the usefulness and acceptability of a low health literacy online decision aid about reproductive choices for younger women with breast cancer: the aLLIAnCE pilot study protocol.Pilot and Feasibility Studies,3(1), 31. Reeves, M., Winkler, E., Mccarthy, N., Lawler, S., Terranova, C., Hayes, S., ... Eakin, E. (2017). The Living Well after Breast Cancer Pilot Trial: A weight loss intervention for women following treatment for breast cancer.Asia?Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology,13(3), 125-136. Reis, R. S., Salvo, D., Ogilvie, D., Lambert, E. V., Goenka, S., Brownson, R. C., Lancet Physical Activity Series 2 Executive Committee. (2016). Scaling up physical activity interventions worldwide: stepping up to larger and smarter approaches to get people moving.The Lancet,388(10051), 1337-1348. Sharma, M. (2016).Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Short, C. E., James, E. L., Plotnikoff, R. C. (2013). Theory-and evidence-based development and process evaluation of the Move More for Life program: a tailored-print intervention designed to promote physical activity among post-treatment breast cancer survivors.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,10(1), 124. Short, C. E., James, E. L., Girgis, A., D'souza, M. I., Plotnikoff, R. C. (2015). Main outcomes of the Move More for Life Trial: a randomised controlled trial examining the effects of tailored?print and targeted?print materials for promoting physical activity among post?treatment breast cancer survivors.Psycho?Oncology,24(7), 771-778. Short, C. E., James, E. L., Girgis, A., D'souza, M. I., Plotnikoff, R. C. (2015). Main outcomes of the Move More for Life Trial: a randomised controlled trial examining the effects of tailored?print and targeted?print materials for promoting physical activity among post?treatment breast cancer survivors.Psycho?Oncology,24(7), 771-778. Short, C. E., Rebar, A., James, E. L., Duncan, M. J., Courneya, K. S., Plotnikoff, R. C., ... Vandelanotte, C. (2017). How do different delivery schedules of tailored web-based physical activity advice for breast cancer survivors influence intervention use and efficacy?.Journal of Cancer Survivorship,11(1), 80-91.

Macbeth As Tyrant Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth As Tyrant Thesis: To trace the degradation of Macbeth from a hero to a conscious villain to an unrepentant tyrant. I. Macbeth as a Hero. A. Admired warrior B. Duncan's Admiration II. Macbeth as a Conscious Villain A. First tidings of villainy B. Murder of Duncan C. Guilt-Ridden Soliquoy III. Macbeth as a non-repentant Tyrant A. Murder of Macduff's family B. Selfish thoughts of sleep C. Feelings of Invincibility Macbeth, like most tragedies tells the fall of the protagonist from grace. Macbeth, originally a hero, degrades into a conscious villain who feels guilt and then into an unmerciful, non-repentant tyrant. A man once heralded as a hero becomes the bane of the land and his people. At the start of Macbeth we are introduced to him and it is implied that he is a great warrior and a great man. He is the hero of the recent battle and is the subject of rewards from King Duncan. In fact one critic describes him as "A great warrior, somewhat masterful, rough, and abrupt, a man to inspire some fear and much admiration. There was in fact, much good in him ... certainly he was far from devoid of humanity and pity."(Bradley "Macbeth") This paints the picture of an admired, somewhat inpersonable hero who was admired for his bravery and courage. In fact even Duncan, his later victim, admired him. Duncan gives him another kingdom and appoints him the Thane of Cawdor. The captain says of Macbeth to Duncan that: For brave Macbeth - well he deserves that name -- Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution, Like valor's minion carved out his passage Till he faced the slave; Which nev'r shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops (I, ii, 16-24) These are the words of a man who admires Macbeth, and at this point rightly so. This is the heroic Macbeth of whom we are speaking. Unfortunately Macbeth soon begins his down fall and becomes a conscious villain. Macbeth degradation to a conscious villain begins with his first tidings of villainy. These tidings begin when Macbeth hears that the Duncan's son is the next in line for kingship. Macbeth says of this: The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step I must fall down or else o'erleap. For in my way it lies. (I, iv, 47-50) This is the point at which we see Macbeth start to become a man driven by his ambition for the throne. A man willing to kill for it. From this point in the story Macbeth's villainy is not yet set in stone and is urged onward by his wife's calls of cowardice. Macbeth soon acts on this ambition through the murder of Duncan. However his acts lead him toward a guilty conscious. After he murders Duncan he is haunted by his guilt. He cries out that "I'll go no more. I am afraid what I have done; Look on 't again I dare not."(II, ii, 49-51) In these lines it is clear that Macbeth regrets his action. According to John Andrews this "is his first attempt to bring about a ... transposition (to transpose "the structural conditions of his own mind into the external world"); in parricidal terms making himself the sole sovereign of his world." (Andrews #?) In other words his need for power is so great that his ambition is willing to "o'erleap" his humanity to get what he desires. His guilt from his murderous action continues throughout Act II, scene ii. In Act II, scene iii we begin to see the cloud of guilt lifted from him and he slowly becomes an unrepentant tyrant. Macbeth's murder of Banqou is the beginning of his descent into the abyss of true tyranny. He murders a man with whom he once was a dear friend. He murders Banquo in hopes of securing the crown of which he wanted so much. He says: They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown and put a barren scepter in my gripe. (III, I, 60-63) He murders this time with little guilt and the only fears that haunt him do so out of fear of discovery and not of guilt. At this point "The idea of Macbeth as conscience-tormented man is a platitude as false as Macbeth himself."(Scott ?#) Perhaps the most heartless act of Macbeth's reign is that of murdering Macduff's family. He murders completely innocent people for the sake

Kansas State University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data

Kansas State University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data Kansas State University GPA, SAT and ACT Graph Kansas State University GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at Kansas State University? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of Kansas States Admissions Standards: In the graph above, you can see that the majority of applicants to Kansas State University are admitted, and that the admissions bar isnt overly high. The blue and green dots represent students who won admission. Most had SAT scores (RWM) of 950 or higher, an ACT composite of 18 or higher, and a high school average of a B- or better. Kansas State has fixed admissions requirements, and a student with any one of the following will be eligible: a 21 or higher on the ACT, 1060  or higher on the SAT (RWM), top 1/3 class ranking, and a 2.0 GPA in a college preparatory curriculum. The Kansas State admissions process is largely numerical, so grades and test scores are extremely important. The admissions standards, however, vary from program to program. You can see a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) mixed in with the green and blue in the graph. This is mostly likely because some Kansas State programs have selective admissions and limited space availability. Applicants to the College of Architecture, Planning and Design as well as the Interior Design, Wildlife and Outdoor Management, and Athletic Training programs are held to higher standards than other applicants to other Kansas State programs. To learn more about Kansas State University, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: Kansas State University Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring Kansas State University: ACT Score Comparison for Kansas CollegesSAT Score Comparison for Kansas Colleges If You Like Kansas State, You May Also Like These Schools University of Kansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFort Hays State University:  Profile  Colorado State University - Fort Collins:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Arkansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOklahoma State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas Tech University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIowa State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

International marketing-country of origin, foreign and domestic Essay

International marketing-country of origin, foreign and domestic consumer predispositions - Essay Example The study will highlight varied internationalization, country of origin and consumer disposition effect related to the marketing plan of Grazia, a leading Italian fashion brand. Finally, the study would also highlight the impact of country of origin and brand positioning effect of apparels produced by leading Italian fashion companies. Country of Origin Effect The country of origin effect would constitute of differences between internationalization and international control strategies that can be due to varied national origins rather than the variations in the marketing environment (Harzing and Noorderhaven, 2000).The differences in the market dynamics and the cultural differences is a contributing factor for the increase in the country of origin effects. The national culture and the upbringing of the customers play an important role in determining the purchasing behaviour (Costa, Krutulyte and Grunert, 2006). In this context, the management of Grazia would try to assess the fashion requirements of the European common people and manufacture stylish and comfortable dresses as per customer preferences. Firstly, it has been noticed that the European people prefer Italian brands over the international brands (Greta and Lewandowski, 2013). The position of Grazia is quite strong in the European apparel industry and hence, the management will utilize this opportunity effectively to retain its marketing position strongly. The management of Grazia will try to create a unique marketing plan, which will also helps in attracting potential investors for the company. The most common trend among the European people is to understand and wear clothes of latest fashion. The company will try its utter best to manufacture comfortable and fashionable clothes at affordable prices to cater to the needs of the European customers. The varied clothing line will also be available in small retail stores throughout the European region. Apparels are regarded as one of the basic fashion nece ssity for European customers. The clothing line manufactured by Grazia is regarded as one of the most coveted fashion products in the entire Italian region (Tronconi, 2012). Much is contributed to the effective marketing strategies and the country of origin effect of the apparel industry. Domestic & Consumer Predisposition Consumer disposition or brand positioning will help the company to attain its market position by accomplishment of goals and objectives. Consumer disposition occurs highly with the high involvement of varied range of goods and services. This would lead to frequent purchase of apparels and also to the positive brand positioning of Grazia. This would also include strong advertising effectiveness, which will be measured by the consumers purchase intentions and impact attitude. The main objective of the brand positioning plans of Grazia would be as follows: To create awareness among the potential consumers who do not have the slightest hint about the varied types of c lothing line manufactured by Grazia To create preferences among the undecided Provide reinforcement among the positive predisposed Conversion of negatively predisposed items into positive items The main objective of Grazia would be to create a niche in the Italian apparel industry and also increase its profitability. In this context, one of the main objectives of Grazia would be to manufacture clothing line from high quality Italian yarn and sell these at an

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Astronomy - Essay Example 1 D. Advanced Computer methodologies are there which embed the light into arbitrary colors that are perceptible. The Hubble Space Telescope is intelligent to determine wavelengths starting from 0.1150 to 2 micrometers other than visible region. 2 A. Ions are charged particles whereas atoms are neutral. When an atom looses or gains an electron it is said to be ion. For example sodium metal in neutral state is composed of atoms where as sodium in sodium chloride is ion. 2 C. Hot objects release more of their light at short wavelengths. This is because of the reason that hot bodies have blue intensity peaks and thus the wavelength for blue color is relatively smaller whilst the cooler objects have red intensity peaks means their wavelength is relatively longer due to the color of the peak. 2 D. The spectrum produced from white light comprises of all colors is termed as a continuous spectrum. Continuous spectra are formed by all radiant solids, liquids and gases under high pressure. A gas at low pressure does not make a continuous spectrum but forms a line spectrum explicated as individual lines at definite frequencies of the gas. If the gas is manipulated luminescent by warmth or an electric discharge, the consequential spectrum is a bright-line, or emission, spectrum, consisting of a series of bright lines against a dark background. A dark-line, or absorption spectrum is the reciprocal of a bright-line spectrum; it is formed when white light comprising all frequencies transcends through a gas not hot sufficient to be radiant. 3. In astronomy, spectral classification is a classification of stars founded on their spectral distinctiveness. The spectral classification arrived at a specified class of a star explicating the radicalization of its chromospheres, what atomic excitations are mainly well-known in the light, providing a purposeful determination of the temperature in chromospheres. Light from a specific star is assessed by breaking it up

Quality management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality management - Assignment Example constitute an organization’s stakeholders. Any of these variables has the potential to affect or be affected by the actions of an organization or project. For instance, when aligning goals management should ensure that there is an investor value proposition which can attract and satisfy investors. In the same way, only if the program involves buyer value, it can attract and retain its customers. However, the value attributed to each group can add to the overall success of the business only if reciprocity ensured. If the suppliers do not keep a favorable stance, the company cannot meet its customer needs in proportion to the customer value. This is the context when a business management has to demonstrate its ability to align the stakeholders. When a firm offers high quality products to its customers, it should also ensure that its suppliers are also treated with fair price. Obviously, a profit driven organization tends to fail in this regard. As Jeston and Nelis point out, one of the primary steps of any project is the ‘identification and analysis of the project stakeholders’; and this analysis involve understanding the leadership styles, stakeholder position in the organization, their personal drives etc (264). Stakeholders possess a significant role in the progress of the business. For instance, meeting the expectation of the stakeholder in a responsible manner is important. Every organization or company has its own goal or target; and completion of such strategy always assures company’s and stakeholders’ prosperity. Theories of Cornell University are the perfect examples for this as it always focuses on three aspects such as â€Å"understanding expectation, measurement and accountability† ("Stakeholder Alignment Model"). Economic growth and achieving targets are always the two pillars of a strong business firm. There are numerous hurdles to overcome in order for achieving a common goal. First of

Human Resource Management in the Tea Industry

Human Resource Management in the Tea Industry Tea industry is one of the most mature industries in Bangladesh and till today it is bearing its heritage. In Bangladesh tea cultivation began in 1857 and Malnicherra is the first tea garden in Bangladesh. Though globalization and economic liberalization contributed greatly to set up new industries in Bangladesh, a large portion of our national income comes from this industry. In our country huge amount of human resources are involved in the Garments industry and Tea industry. In Sylhet there is large number of T.E. that is why we select T.E. for our study and in this report we will try to cover one T.E from Moulavibazer, and two from Sylhet district and one from the sreemangle. In this report we give emphasis on the present practices of human resources in the some selected T.E of greater Sylhet and through this research we will make us acquainted with the real Human Resource Management operations in the tea garden of Sylhet, Moulavibazer. Some organizations are violating the human rights. Usually violation occurs at the bottom level- labors do not get sufficient wages, compensation, training facility, good working condition, and other facilities. As a result output or productions are not increasing according to expectation and the overall development is being sluggish. The owner, authority, and stakeholder should realize that neglecting the human resources in the work place a sustainable development is not possible. Execitive Summary The colonial British administration took up tea plantation in the Indian subcontinent at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Since then, the sub-continents tea industry has slowly established its position as a major producer of tea in the world. At present, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka account for 52 per cent of the world tea production. At the global level, the tea industry is increasingly finding it difficult to meet ends caught between rising costs on the one hand and stagnant, sometimes even declining prices of tea on the other. Globalization and economic liberalization contributed greatly to these factors since more and more countries are undertaking tea plantation. Moreover, globalization links labor standards to trade policy. This also contributed greatly to the rising cost since tea plantation is a very labour intensive activity. It requires workers round the year. Hence, labour standards gain more importance for the tea plantation to be competitive in the world marke t. Improvement of labour productivity is acknowledged as an essential means of raising level of competitiveness of the tea industry in the world market despite its low price. It has been found that besides technology and skills training, labour productivity itself is dependent on maintaining fair labour standards relating to working conditions, wages, health and nutrition status, housing and education facilities. Thus maintaining a fair labour standard is one of the key factors affecting the competitive viability of the tea industry in the world market. In India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, labour legislation for the tea plantation sector is more than 50 years old. In addition to the labor laws of 1995 and the Factory Rules of 1979, Which are applicable to all work places in general, the government of Bangladesh has exacted several legislations, namely (a) Maternity Benefit (Tea Estates) Act. 1950, (b) Plantation Employees Provident Fund Rules, 1960, (c) Tea Plantation Labour Ordinanc e, 1962, (d) Tea Plantation Labor Rules, 1977, (e) The Tea (amendment) Ordinance, 1986 and (f) Bangladesh Cha Sramik Kalyan Fund Ordinance, 1986 particularly for the tea plantation sector to ensure workers, right to safe, secure and hygienic working conditions. However, even after the enactment of all these legislations, tea workers, right of safe, secure and hygienic working conciliations have not yet been ensured. Very few micro-level studies on tea plantation workers have been done so far. Still the findings of these studies show that the tea plantation workers are living a subhuman life both in the terms of working conditions, living conditions and health security. It is mainly due to the fact that workers organization representing the workers right in the social dialogue is not strong enough to negotiate with the employers. Hence, there is an acute necessity of first organizing the tea plantation workers, particularly women workers so that they can attain the power of collectiv e bargaining and thereby strengthen their organization. A workers organization is an essential factor not only for promoting workers well being but also an important factor affecting efficient use of the labour force. The Global market for tea is becoming increasingly competitive since more and more countries are entering into this sector. This competition is challenging the comparative advantage of Bangladeshs cheap labour. Hence, to meet the challenges of globalization, the unit labour cost of production needs to be reduced by raising labour productivity. An organized labour force is the most essential factor affecting labour productivity. Learning Objective of Human Resource Management We, the students of BBA in Leading University, are undertaking a course on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Human Resource Management. There must be some objective of this study. There is no exception in our study. The main objective is to focus on different things, which are given below- To know about their HRM strategies, weaknesses, opportunity and threats. INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is a small tea producing country sharing 2% of the worlds Tea production. Tea is an agro based, lab our intensive and export oriented sector and plays an important role in the national economy through export earnings, trade balancing and employment generation. Our Tea industry dates back to 1857 when the first tea garden was established at Malnicherra in Sylhet District. Today we have 163 Tea Gardens with a grant area of 1,15,757.41 hal of which 52,317.21 hal or 45% is under cultivation. Though our tea industry suffered a serious setback in 1971 but we could succeed in reversing with the help of the government, foreign assistance and hard work of our planters. It is hoping to increase our production to an average of over 1500 Kg per hal in a few years time. We have undertaken measures to improve our quality of tea by extending the area with new varieties of hybrid clone, modernizing factories and improving infrastructure. We now annually produce 60 million Kg of Tea and we hope to increase our production to 90 million Kg in the next 15 years. This paper attempts to devise a strategy to promote effective social dialogues between the tea plantation workers and their employers. It also attempts to determine the practicality of providing social protection to women workers through their own organizations and thereby enhances their labor productivity. Systematic training for the members of the workers organization has proved to be a breakthrough in terms of skill development, consciousness rising, and blossoming of self -confidence. Hence, the possibility of providing skill training to the workers, particularly women workers through their organization, has also been explored in this paper. The art of tea cultivation in Bangladesh began over a century and a half ago in the 1840s near the Chittagong Club. The first tea garden to be established was Malnicherra in Sylhet in 1854. Its commercial production began shortly thereafter in 1857. Today, the main tea-growing areas lie to the east of the Ganga-Jumma flood plain in the hill areas bordering Indias Cachar tea-growing district. Most of Bangladesh tea grows at only 80-300 ft. above sea level northeast of Sylhet in the country. During its initial stage, plantation in Bangladesh faced acute shortage of labor. No local workers were willing to do this job since it is very hard and labor intensive. The colonial British Government deployed indentured immigrants to meet this shortage. Tea plantation workers in Bangladesh came mostly from the backward class and tribal areas of central India and regions of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The present work force in the tea plantation sector of Bangladesh is the fourth generation of those indentured immigrants. Indentured immigrants were in fact new forms of bonded labor. Their bonded nature revealed in their geographical confinement within the boundary of the tea estate. For more than a century they were confined within the same geographical boundary; most still are. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human resource management defined as the process of accomplishing organizational objectives by acquiring, retaining, terminating, developing and properly using the human resources in an organization. Organizations have to work with different resources like physical, financial, organizational, and information resources but proper utilization of all other resources largely depend on human resources. Accomplishing objectives is a major focus of any form of management. Unless objectives are met, the organization eases to exist. Experiencing the Dutch à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tavern garden teasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the English developed the idea of Tea Gardens. Here ladies and gentlemen took their tea out of doors surrounded by entertainment such as orchestras, hidden arbors, flowered walks, bowling greens, concerts, gambling, or fireworks at night. It was at just such a Tea Garden that Lord Nelson, who defeated Napoleon by sea, met the great love of his life, Emma, later lady Hamilton. Women were permitted to enter a mixed, public gathering for the first time without social criticism. As the gardens were public, British society mixed here freely for the first time, cutting across lines of class and birth. Tipping as a response to proper service developed in the Tea Gardens of England. Small, locked wooden boxes were placed on the tables throughout the Garden. Inscribed on each were the letters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“T.I.P.Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which stood for the sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To Insure Prompt Serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. If a guest wi shed the water to hurry he dropped a coin into the box on being seated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to insure prompt serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Hence the custom of tipping server was created. The success of any human resource management program requires the cooperation of managers, who must interpret and implement policies and procedures. Line managers must translate into action what a human resource management department provides. Without managerial support at the top, middle and lower levels, human resource management programs cannot succeed. Therefore manager need to understand clearly how to mesh their responsibilities with those of the human resource department. In Theory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? it is supposed that people do not dislike work, work is natural part of their lives, they are potential, and the have the capability to perform the works effectively. If people are properly trained, guided, and motivated they can excel the organizational goals. Acquiring skilled, talented and motivated employees is an important part of human recourse management. Each company develops its own human recourse management program after considering such factors as size, type of skills needed, number of employees required, unionization, clients and customers, financial posture and graphical, location. Developing human resources involves training, educating, appraising and generally preparing personnel for present or future jobs. These activities are important for the employees economic and psychological growth. Self-realization needs cannot be satisfied in an organization that does not have an efficient set of development activities. The proper use of people involves under standing both individual and organizational needs so that the full potential of human resources can be employed. This aspect of personnel management suggests the importance of matching individuals over time to shifts is organizational and human needs. The contribution of human resource management to organization effectiveness is so important that managers must use the knowledge and skills of human resource management specialist. In context of Bangladesh Human Resource Management have many things to do. Human Resources can be trump card for the overall development of the country only when these large populations will be ready to utilize and when they will be utilized. In case of some industries like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Garments and Teaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? human resources are not being treated as human rather they are being treated as machine. Some organization is violating the human rights. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The story of tea began in ancient China over 5,000 years ago. According to legend, Shen, Nug, an early emperor was skilled ruler, creative scientist and patron of the arts. His farsighted edicts required, among other things, that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution. One summer day while visiting a distant region of his realm, he and the court stopped to rest. In accordance with his ruling, the servants began to boil water for the court to drink. Dried leaves from the near by bush fell into the boiling water, and a brown liquid was infused into the water. As a scientist, the Emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found it very refreshing. And so, according to legend, tea was created. Because of the success of the Dutch navy in the pacific, tea became very fashionable in the Dutch capita, The Hague. This was due in part to the high cost of the tea (over $100 per pound), which immediately made it the domain of the wealthy. Slowly, as the amount of tea imported increased, the price fell as the volume of sale expanded. Initially available to the public in apothecaries along with such rare and new spices as ginger and sugar, by 1675 it was available in common food shops throughout Holland. As the consumption of tea increased dramatically in Dutch society, doctors and university authorities argued back and forth as to the negative and/or positive benefits of tea, known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tea hereticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the public largely ignored the scholarly debate and continued to enjoy their new beverage though the controversy lasted from 1635 to roughly 1657. Through this period France and Holland led Europe in the use of tea. By 1650 the Dutch were actively involved in trade throughout the Western world. Peter Stuyvesant brought the first tea to America to the colonists in the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam (later re-named New York by the English). Settlers here were confirmed tea drinkers. And indeed, on acquiring the colony, the English found that the small settlement consumed more tea at that time then all of England put together. Great Britain was the last of the three great sea-faring nations to break into the Chinese and East Indian trade routes. This was due in part to the unsteady ascension to the throne of the Stuarts and the Cromwellian Civil War. The first samples of tea reached England between 1652 and 1654. Tea quickly proved popular enough to replace ale as the national drink of England. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY Human resource Management most of the times deals with the external environment (political, Economical, Social, Technological). We have studied many theoretical aspects in our classes. To get more knowledge about actual conditions we need to study in practical. We tried to find out the sectors, where human resources are largely involved. In Bangladesh, there are many tea gardens, cannels, sugar gardens; etc where human resources are very much necessary for the organization and its implementation as well. In Sylhet district, there are huge amount of tea gardens that is why, we have selected tea gardens for our study. We were assigned to cover some tea gardens from Sylhet, Moulavibazer, and Sreemangle district. We have considered the significance of different tea gardens in case of historical value, communication system, management system, labor management process, remuneration system and some other issues. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This research was aimed to make us acquainted with the real Human Resource Management operations in the selected tea gardens of Sylhet, Moulavibazer and Srimongal. Some other objectives are as follows: To become familiar with the human resources available in the tea gardens in Sylhet Moulavibazer and srimangal. Understand the goals of their tea garden and know their role in accomplishing these goals. Forecasting the demand for labor. To analyze the history and development of tea garden. To investigate the contribution to the economy of tea garden sector in Bangladesh. To know about the problem and barriers management department and labors are facing from different sources. To know what are the benefit and services the employees are expecting from the tea companies. To have some practical exposures that will be helpful for my Job experience. To recommend some suggestions to overcome the problem of tea garden. Assessing the working and living conditions of the tea plantation workers in Bangladesh. Identifying the major problems faced by the tea plantation workers. Assessing the organizing capability of the tea plantation workers. SCOPE OF THE STUDY In our report, we gave emphasis on compensation program of human resources of the tea estates. We also tried to find out the selection process, recruiting process and training process of the human resources. In selection process many steps is here but tea estates follow only interview process. In executive level they give training to improve their performance. We also focused on their remunerations and living conditions. In fact every organization needs the right people, at the right time in the right position and in this case Human Resource Management can assist the organization. We have also tried to find whether they are enjoying their human rights or not. METHODOLOGY Our present study is basically based on the human resource management. Whatever we studies in the Subject of HRM, now we try to find out its impact on practical field (specifically in the field of tea garden). What types of rules and regulation, a procedure does the management follow for their lower level employee and how they manage their employee, how much effective is it. The main objective of this survey is to collect information regarding awareness of the tea workers about their right and their involvement in trade unionism. Along with this survey data, this study brings together quantitative data drawn from combination surveys of the tea industry in Bangladesh. It will be collected through dept interview and fieldwork. All the data will be collected through researching web site, some data we have collected from the journal, and newsletter of each tea garden. The rest was based on observations. We also take the interview both manger and employee. SOURCES OF DATA Analysis in this study primarily depends on qualitative data drawn from in-depth interviews and discussions with the members of tea plantation workers at the grass root level as well as the management level. Qualitative data have also been collected from focus group discussions with the tea plantation workers. For making this project we have used both the primary and secondary data. The primary data are collected from the selected tea gardens by asking different types of questions to the labor and the employees available at the gardens. The secondary data collected from different journals on tea gardens published in newspapers (namely Sylhet-er Dak), and other publication provided by different gardens and Governmental organizations (namely Project Development Unit), and also by searching some web sites (namely virtualsylhet.com, google.com, etc.).To collect information from the workers, four tea gardens were randomly selected. Among these four gardens, tow belongs to A category, two belong to B category and the other one belongs to C category of gardens. A total of 100 workers (40 female and 40 male lower level employee and 20 management level employee) were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. The main objective of this survey is to collect information regarding awareness of the tea workers about their right and their involvement in trade unionism. Along with this survey data, this study brings together quantitative data drawn from a combination of existing empirical research and surveys of the tea industry in Bangladesh. AN OVERVIEW OF THE GROWTH OF TEAPLANTATION INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH Tea occupies an important place in the national economy of Bangladesh. It accounts for 0.81 per cent of her GDP. About four lakh people live on the plantation industry of Bangladesh. This sector provides employment to 0.15 million people, which accounts for nearly 3.3 per cent of the total industrial employment in the country. Tea is also an important commodity in the international trade since it is an important export item of Bangladesh. During the 1970s and 1980s, this item earned a large portion of her foreign exchange. But after the emergence of the garment industry, tea lost its dominance in the foreign exchange earning. In 1998, it earned only 0.80 per cent of the total foreign exchange earnings of Bangladesh. However, at present, Bangladesh earns a substantial amount of revenue in terms of s consumption of tea is increasing at the rate of about 1 million kg per annum. Revenue is also earned in terms of excise duty. Tea plantation in Bangladesh is concentrated mainly in her hilly zones of four districts namely Sylhet, Maulovibazar, Habigong and Chittagong. Now there is a tea estate in the district of Brahmanbaria also. In total, there are 158 gardens of which only 25 gardens are situated in Chittagong, Sylhet, Maulovibazar, Habigonj (which constitute the greater Sylhet District) and Brahmanbaria accommodate the rest 133 gardens and contribute about 96 per cent of the annual production. Out of the total number of gardens, Bangladeshi companies and individual proprietors own 132 gardens. However, among these gardens, individual proprietors own only a little more than 20 per cent of them. All gardens are divided into three categories namely A, B, and C depending on amount of production and percentage of land under tea plantation. About two-fifths of the total gardens belong to each of A and B category of gardens, while the remaining one-fifth belong to C category. All the gardens belonging to Sterl ing Companies are A category gardens and occupy about 39 per cent of total land under tea plantation. But Sterling companies occupying only 39 per cent of land produce more than 49 per cent of total tea production of Bangladesh. Thus, productivity of Sterling Companies gardens is far more than that of the gardens of Bangladeshi Companies. Production of tea per hectare is 1,437 kg. Whereas the same for the Bangladeshi companies and proprietary estate is only 961 kg. Total acreage under tea plantation has not increased much over time. As can be noticed from Table 1.1, that over the period of 1990-1998 land under tea plantation increased only by 4.39 per cent, whereas total production rose by 23.61 per cent. As a result, production per hectare rose significantly from 967 kg in 1990 to 1,145 kg in 1998 accounting for about 18.41 per cent increase over nine years time. During the same period, total production of Bangladesh rose from 45,160 metric tons to 55,824 metric tons made tea. It i s encouraging to notice from table 1.2, that the growth of total tea production in Bangladesh over this nine years period is higher compared to the major tea producing countries in South Asia like India, China and Sri-Lanka (see Table 1.2). But still Bangladesh could not increase her share in the world market since her domestic consumption has also increased significantly. It can be observed from table 1.1 that, in 1990, a little more than 40 per cent of total production of tea in Bangladesh was consumed domestically. But this share of consumption increased to more than 60 percent in 1998. Figure 1.1 clearly shows how domestic consumption of tea increases sharply and exceeds total exports of tea in 1994 and 1998. Due to high rate of domestic consumption, her export dropped from 26,970 thousand kg in 1990 to 22,220 thousand kg in 1998. TEA PLANTATION WORKERS AND THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND HEALTH CONDITIONS Tea Plantation Workers Results of our survey of 100 plantation workers reveal that only a little more than 46 per cent of the workers had visited the nearby Thana headquarter of Srimangal at least once in their life. Among the women, only 35 per cent had visited Srimangal. They do not know anything about what is happening outside their boundary and are isolated from the rest of the country. As a result, their aspiration is very low. With low aspiration they cannot demand anything big. Through our survey we collected information about their aspiration regarding their childrens education and career. It was interesting to find out that only about 2 per cent of tea workers aspire that their boy child would study more than SSC. None of them aspire for their girl child to study beyond SSC. It is even more interesting to know that about 37 per cent do not want their children to go out of their tea garden area. The highest aspiration they hold is that their boy child should be a clerk (Babu) in the garden office. Capital field development involves three activities: new planting, replanting and filling of vacancies. Generally men are employed in all these activities. But the extent of all these activities is marginal. It can be noticed from Table 4.1 that over a nine-year period (1990- 1998), total area under tea production increased by only 4.39 per cent. Annually, only 160 hectares are newly planted. Also in India and Sri Lanka, new plantation is marginal. Replanting in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh is also very slow. As against a targeted rate of 1.5 to 2 per cent per annum, it is only about 0.4 per cent in Bangladesh and India and 0.7 per cent in Sri Lanka. Filling, which is carried on to increase plant density per unit area, is also very slow. But male labor absorption in the plantation industry is much higher than that of female workers over the last few years (Table 1.4). It can be noticed from Table 4.5 that over the period of three years (1996-98), employment of men increased far more than their population growth. But employment of women increased less than their population growth. During the last few years, more and more men are employed in the plantation sector since being geographically isolated they do not get any job opportunity elsewhere. The table shows that both adolescents and children are increasingly being thrown out of the labor market as time passes on, although the right to employment for heirs is ensured by an agreement. The problem of unemployment between adolescent and children is very acute. During our survey many respondents reported that their children are forced to get involved in illegal activities due to unemployment. Moreover, because of this unemployment, dependency ratio is very high among the tea plantation workers. As can be seen from Table 1.4, of the total population of 3, 53,407 persons, 1, 12,251 are employed representing around 68 per cent dependents. It means that one earning member has to maintain more than two persons . Socio-economic and Health Conditions of the Tea Plantation Workers Socio-economic and health conditions of tea plantation workers have important bearings on their productivity. Analysis of these conditions also gives an idea whether the tea worker are enjoying there right to decent work and living. Social dialogue to improve the conditions of tea plantation workers cannot be promoted without having an idea of the socio-economic conditions of the tea workers. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this section to examine the socio-economic conditions of tea plantation workers. Socio-economic and health conditions of tea plantation workers have important bearings on their productivity. Analysis of these conditions also gives an idea whether the tea worker are enjoying there right to decent work and living. Social dialogue to improve the conditions of tea plantation workers cannot be promoted without having an idea of the socio-economic conditions of the tea workers. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this section to examine the socio-economic conditions of tea plantation workers. Age and experience have direct bearing on the pluckers productivity. Findings of a study show that good pluckers have over 20 years of experience and their age is seen as a helpful attribute. To have 20 years of experience a workers must be at least 35 years old since a tea worker does not start work before the age of 15 years as child labor is almost absent in the tea sector. Findings of our survey show that about 51 per cent of the workers are below 35 years old. The average age of the female worker is a little more than 33 years, while that of the male workers is about 37 years. Hence, efficiency of male workers is supposed to be more than that of female workers. For young workers, training is a means of improving their productivity. A BRIEF DISSCUSION ABOUT OUR SELECTED TEA GAERDEN Parkul tea estate- Parkul tea estate is one of the gardens in Bangladesh from the163 gardens. It is situated in the habigong district, chunarughat Thana. It is more profitable garden that starts its journey in Bangladesh from 1858. It is a national tea company (NTC) where the owner is recognized on the basis of shares, however the owner of 51% shares of that garden is government and 49% shares are for the public. The area of this garden is about 1550 hector that involves several villages. This garden is consisting of 803 permanent labors, 3 executive and 26 staffs. More than 300 temporary workers are also working in this garden. By consulting with the authority the annual plan is prepared here, however in this current year the garden is producing 350, 000 kg in average and the production cost for per kg is 70 tk. It is one of the efficient branches of NTC that maintain a good management system. This garden follow the argument in case of fixing the salary of management level, clerical level as well as l ower level employee. Each worker can harvest 60 to 70 kg of lives per day which costing per kg 1.30 tk. Normally their plaguing task is 23 kg for earning 30 tk. Plaguing season starts from the April to December and during January to March is the time for odd work. During this time they plant, mulching in the young tea plant, drain work, a sardar is appointed to aid them in work. The number of sardar is varying from the garden to garden. In the Parkul tea estate, one sardar is elected for per 25 workers while in the Daragon tea estate for per 50 workers one sardar is appointed. All the employee and clerical staffs are sent to BRTI for getting training, which is situated, in sreemangal. Employee also has their union in sreemangal that create pressure to the management of this garden for the fulfillment of the demand of the labors. Lackatoorah tea estate- The lackatoorah tea estate has started its journey in Bangladesh from 1875 A.C. This tea garden is situated in the airport road of sylhet. This tea garden is one of the most profitable tea garden in our country. The name Lackatoorah is derived from the wood collection of Shajalal shrine. For the annual festival of Shajalal shrine, people collect the wood from this tea estate. The firewood is locally called Lakri and this Lakri becomes Lackatoorah once upon a time. The total area of this tea garden is 1293 hector, but all the area is not only under the tea plantation but also many other things like (rubber garden, cannel, ponds, blank area etc. ). The total number of registered labors in this garden is approximately 1200 but the number of temporary labors is more than 3500-4000. Most officials have chosen this job because of the facilities, as, more salaries, li

What Is the Harlem Renaissance, and What Effects Did It Have On Society

What is the Harlem Renaissance, and what effects did it have on society? "Harlem was like a great magnet for the Negro intellectual, pulling him from everywhere. Or perhaps the magnet was New York, but once in New York, he had to live in Harlem"(Hughes, The Big Sea 1940). When one is describing a â€Å"fresh and brilliant portrait of African American art and culture in the 1920s (Rampersad 1994),† the Harlem Renaissance would be the most precise postulation. The Harlem Renaissance proved to America that African Americans also have specialized talents and should also be able to exhibit their gifts. The Harlem Renaissance also obtained the notoriety expeditiously that participants of this movement needed to modify America’s perspective of black environments. To sum up, the Harlem Renaissance â€Å"New Negro Movement† was a cultural movement that celebrated black life and culture. This movement assisted in gaining a new significance and vigorous race relation in the United States; it awakened black communities all over the world-- especi ally Harlem to utilize their gifts and talents and make the best of it. Initially, the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance derives from the fact that Harlem served as a symbolic capital of the cultural awakening-- a dynamic crucible of cultural cross-fertilization. Harlem was moderately a new black neighborhood in New York City, NY at the time and was already becoming (virtually) a black city that attracted a remarkable concentration of intellect and talent. In addition, Harlem was more â€Å"liberal† in matters of race than most American cities (although, of course, racism was rampant), New York had an extraordinarily diverse and centered black social world in which no one group could monopolize cultural authority, making it ... ...o have specialized talents and should also be able to exhibit their gifts. The Harlem Renaissance obtained the notoriety expeditiously that participants of this movement needed to modify America’s perspective of black environments. The Harlem Renaissance will have a lifelong impact on America—with a legacy that lives on forever. Works Cited Armstrong, Stephen. Student Handbook: 4: 5 Steps to a 5. New York: Southwestern Co, 2004. 1389-257. "Harlem Renaissance." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Apr. 2012 â€Å"Langston Hughes, The Big Sea, 1940† United States History: Reconstruction to the Present. Boston, Mass: Pearson / Prentice Hall, 2009. 927-354, 357, and 358. United States History: Reconstruction to the Present. Boston, Mass: Pearson / Prentice Hall, 2009. 927-354, 357, and 358.

The Life of the American Born

This paper examines the life of the American born, Tim O'Brien and affirms the way his life influenced his writing techniques. William Timothy, the first of three children, well known as Tim O'Brien is an American Veteran writer, born on October 1, 1946, in Austin, Minnesota, United States of America (Herzog 14). He grew up in Worthington, a small shielded community near the borders of Iowa and South Dakota. He described himself as a vivid reader when he was young and had a thrilling interest in books and magic trick were evident realities on his storytelling power. This can also be linked to his parents who were enthusiastic readers. In other words, O'Brien must have learned some reading secrets from his parents when he was young. Some of his short and electrifying stories include, â€Å"The things they carried† as well as other classic novels like the war novel, going after Cacciato produced in1978, which indeed made him known best for his writing experience about Vietnam War (Raymond 102). Worthington town similarly played a significant role in nurturing his thoughts while developing the artistic sensibility of his life as an author. He attended Macalester College in 1968 and awarded bachelor's degree in Political Science. During his time in the institution, he was elected and served as the president of the student's union in college. Contrary to his criticisms against war, Tim O'Brien was recruited into United States Army and then sent to Vietnam where he served for two years. Following his return from the military service, he resumed his studies and graduated from Harvard University. He then worked shortly as an intern, national affairs reporter at Washington Post up to May 1974. The war experience he gained from his two-year combat inspired his chief publication, titled If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me up and Ship Me Home. O'Brien's history clearly reveals the depression and misery wrecked on soldiers by the Vietnam War. His mythical work, the things they curried of 1990, (O'Brien 816) is a combination of memoirs and fictitious stories in which he used the philosophical concepts of truth to climax the distinctions between two realms of the facts and the fictions in a unique way (Conan 2010). He incorporated the metaphysical approach attribute in his writing that flavored the quality of his stories. In his story, he exposes the readers to the understanding about the distinction between the truth of a story, the truth of fiction and the happening truth, which is associated with the truth of facts. In confirming the same, he appreciates that a story truth is more associated with emotion, which are also connected with the feelings of the story of fiction. On that pedestal, he adds that the feelings would be more significant, and thus making the story more relevant. Additionally, O'Brien wrote numerous novels based on the war experience he obtained in the army of the United States. He was awarded the 1979 National Book Award for his works on Northern Lights published in1975 and Going after Cacciato of 1978. The novel discusses two brothers against one and another as foils where a brother joined the Vietnam war andanother failed (Raymond 99). Through this, the brothers learned to struggle and comprehend each one's values and motives. Following his extraordinary influence of Joseph Conrad's works, he modified Conrad's concepts of human aptitude for good and evil in his literary works. In his works, O'Brien propounded timeless matter of the subject and its thematic range. He believed in his introversive idea, that literary works not only focus on the current affairs but also anticipates what the future holds for humankind, (Smith 34). Nuclear Age, which was published in 1985 was the third O'Brien's novel of his literary works and describes much from his personal experience. His expertise in creating an amusing look at the thoughtful character, a young man who was raised under an atomic umbrella, and suffered severely from paranoia as a result of nuclear war. As the story continues, he finds solace in a hole he dug in his backyard attempting to overcome every thought and imagination, which made him uncomfortable. His creativity in writing approach of war blending fact and fiction is comparable to other technical war writers like Michael Herr and inspired eminent figures such as Truman Capote, Norman Mailer and Tom Wolfe. However, key elements of his works encompass the categorization and fascination of emotional subject matters. Owing to this traits, his fictional works are therefore considered to have made an immense impact on the readers of his novels. Other O'Brien's electrifying works are The Nuclear Age, published in 1985, In the Lakes of The Woods of 1994, Tomcat in Love of 1998 and July, July that was published in 2000, which took the world of literature with a storm. In a span of two years, O'Brien's short stories The things they curried, received the 1987 National Magazine Award Fiction. The novel was then nominated for 1987, best American Short story. The lake of Woods forms another interesting novel written by O'Brien and published in 1994. It took O'Brien's works into greater heights by agitating much on guilt, culpability, complicity and the moral courage, (Bates 265). He invents his character John Wade, who is also a Vietnam veteran, aspiring to run for senate position. He later lost slightly as charges on his involvement in the Lai massacre became popular during his campaign trail. O'Brien raises larger inquiries about the fallouts of war and its effects, which was realized after the end of the war, more so when the veterans returned home. He wore James Fenimire Cooper Prize from the Society of American Historians and was selected as the best novel of 1994 by Times Magazine.His most recent Novel, Tomcat in Love, O'Brien generated a Veteran Vietnam protagonist, Tom chippering through a love subject contrary to war. O'Brien describes this as a comic novel about a politically incorrect hero, who was sexy. He strongly believed that his lovers will love the book, and his fans, the so-called junkies, the people who appreciate his writings liked it. He alludes that this was his best book ever and it stole the hearts of many who could not do without reading the novel.In conclusion, O'Brien has won several prestigious awards in his many fictional works and worth being called a veteran in the writing field. His experience in writing the short story novels are highly acknowledged. He is a master of creative storytelling, a manipulator of literary form and one of the most challenging authors in his time with an ample content. His major contributions include the Nuclear Age, In the Lake of Woods, Tomcat in Love and July, July of 20000 More recently, he received $100,000 with the Pritxker Military Library Literature Award. Currently, he teaches at the Texas State University-San Marcos.

The “Ohlone Way”

The Ohlone are native peoples who, prior to Spanish colonization, inhabited the coastal region of Northern California. Although regarded as one group, the Ohlone, also called Costanoans, were in truth composed of small, independent groups with members ranging from 100-250 (Cartier, 1991). Their values and perception of the world gave rise to a subsistence economy, communal culture and equalitarian leadership structures. Unlike other larger native Americans who settled down into elaborate cities and developed complex economies, the Ohlone tradition was largely communal (Cartier, 1991).They viewed the land and all resources in nature as sacred. Nature was not something to be individually owned because man not superior to nature but is part of it. Man then has the common responsibility to take care of it for the welfare of future generations. As such, their economy was largely subsistence based which means they worked to obtain what was just enough to keep them alive. There was no conce pt of accumulation of wealth or private property (Margolin, 1978). The tools used in production were crude. They moved their communities a lot in order to follow the bounty of nature ready for harvest.These movements also allow the regeneration of the resources they have used. Because of these factors, their activities were limited to hunting, horticulture, fishing and gathering (Cartier, 1991). A group activity, animals were hunted, trapped or poisoned to be eaten. By pruning, reseeding and burning, the availability of plants extremely necessary for their survival were ensured. They picked medicinal herbs, shells, nuts, eggs and other items they needed. This economy gave rise to a politics that is equalitarian. Leadership was not based on property but on wisdom, capacity and character, the determinants of social status (Margolin, 1978).Although there were wealthier members in the group, they did not take advantage of those who are poorer. Rather, it is the wealthy who were obligate d to provide the resources needed for festivities or to contribute the most during the death of another member. In summary, the Ohlone, may seem backward compared to other indigenous groups or to the present society. However, their economy, politics and culture were the products of their interaction with nature. Because lifeways change over time, population growth and the discovery of better tools and technology would have no doubt contributed to their development as a people.

Decriminalization is “the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; The WritePass Journal

Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; IntroductionConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; while decriminalized acts are no longer crimes, they may still be the subject of regulation†.Decriminalization eliminates jail time for drug users but maintains criminal penalties for dealers. Penalties for people caught dealing and trafficking drugs are unchanged; dealers are still jailed and subjected to fines depending on the crime. This essay discusses the some of the issues involved in the proposition that the supply of Class A opiate containing drugs should be decriminalized. In the last 40 years the United Kingdom has developed a way of regulating drugs using a complex legislative framework. There are two major acts of parliament regulating drugs; the Medicines Act 1968 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Many of the drugs controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 are also controlled under the Medicines Act 1968 as they are also used in clinical medicine. There is no known statistically significant correlation between intensity or harshness of prohibitive law enforcement on drugs in different countries and the levels of drug use in said countries.   Nevertheless despite massive enforcement efforts likened to a war, the use of â€Å"high harm causing drugs† has risen dramatically over the last few decades. A 2008 World Health Organisation study comparing drug use and different enforcement regimes across the world shows the marginal role for enforcement levels in drug taking decisions. The study’s headline conclusion was: â€Å"Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones.† The main benefits described by supporters of prohibition is that prohibition will reduce levels of drug use, firstly by restricting availability of drugs and secondly through the purposed deterrent effect of the criminal consequences of using illegal drugs. These effects are however poorly supported by evidence. Prohibition protects suppliers by keeping the distribution in the black market and it also creates the risk that makes smuggling illegal drugs very profitable. Therefore after the demand for drugs has been established the profits from supplying such drugs are so great that they incentivize supply despite the risk of criminal consequences. The associated risks end up being factored into the price increase that results from it. The main benefits described by supporters of decriminalization are based on the hypothesis that the legally regulated supply of drugs will draw its trade out of illegality and therefore reduce crime rates related to such illegal trade. By providing quality-controlled drugs under the guidance and supervision of licensed individuals, the health of the drug users would improve. It is also hypothesized that decriminalization would improve access of and increase uptake of addiction treatment. In Portugal drug use was decriminalised nearly 10 years ago. Despite warnings by the opposers of decriminalization of drug use in Portugal, reported rates of drug usage have been declining. This decline however has not been found in the 19-24 age group as a large proportion of this group had already begun consuming drugs before decriminalization. However, younger people growing up since decriminalization, appear less attracted to illicit drug use when compared to their elders who grew up when possess ion and use was criminalised. Other statistics demonstrate a similar picture; there was a marked decline in the number of convictions for supply-related offences, the incidence of HIV and AIDS among intravenous drug users declined and newly reported infections of Hepatitis B and C declined. Drug-related deaths have also decreased significantly. Evidence from several different sources all points to decreasing drug use in Portugal since decriminalization rather than the feared increase; a very persuasive argument against decriminalization. The decision to completely prohibit a good or service that is in demand can generally only be justified in economic terms if the net cost of prohibition will be less than the alternative regulatory policy options. Thus the effect of enforcement efforts on drug availability and price, and how they impact on levels of drug consumption, needs to be considered. The market value of illegal drugs increases greatly as they travel along the various links in the supply chain ; the closer it gets to the consumer the more the price increases. There are three main factors that together determine the harm associated with any drug of potential abuse: the physical harm to the individual user caused by the drug, the tendency of the drug to induce dependence, and the effect the drug use has on families, communities, and society.   In general drugs that lead to intense intoxication are associated with huge costs; costs to systems of health care, social care, and the police. In 2003 Tony Blair commissioned a report on United Kingdom and International Drug policy from the number 10 Strategy Unit (SU). What emerged in Phase 1 of the reporting process, titled ‘Understanding the Issues’, was a â€Å"thorough and clinical analysis by some of the best policy minds in the UK†.   It stated that â€Å"supply-side enforcement interventions are actively counterproductive†. In summary the SU report demonstrated that: Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the production of drugs Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the trafficking and/or availability of drugs Prohibition has failed to reduce levels of problematic drug use Prohibition has inflated prices of heroin and cocaine, leading some dependent users to commit large volumes of acquisitive crime. Even if such supply interventions could further increase prices, this could increase harms, as dependent users commit more crime to support their habits. The SU report also noted that patterns of use often rise and fall independently of price. Price changes tend to have different effects on different populations; lower income users will in general be more responsive to price changes, as they have a proportionally bigger impact on disposable income. Dependent users will show consumption patterns that are generally more price in-elastic. Based on the SU report it can be concluded that prohibitive legislation comes at great financial cost to the United Kingdom. It therefore makes sense to look at the financial costs associated with legal state regulation. The Home Office published a report in 2002   (which was updated in 2006 ) that estimated the economic and social costs of Class A drug use to be  £15.4 billion in 2003/04. The cost of drug-related crime was 90% of this total. The Transform Drug Policy Foundation (TDPF) published a report in April 2009 describing an initial analysis supporting   legally regulated drug supply. This TDPF paper on cost-effectiveness estimated that the total crime, health and other social costs of Class A drug use (in this report heroin and cocaine only) in England and Wales in 2003/04 was  £16.785 billion under the current prohibitionist regime. The most striking conclusion of the TDPF report is that â€Å"prohibition of drugs is the root cause of almost all drug-related acquisitive crime, and that this crime constitutes the majority of drug-related harms and costs to society.† The Report also states that legal regulation   would â€Å"deliver substantial benefits to the treasury and wider community, even in the unlikely event of a substantial increase in use.†Ã‚   The TDPF paper on Cost-Effectiveness estimated the net annual benefit of a move from prohibition to legal state regulation and control of drug markets, using four scenario’s varying from a â€Å"50% fall in use† to â€Å"100% increase in use†, to give a net benefit between  £13.943 billion and  £4.616 billion.   So even in the highly unlikely event of heroin and cocaine use increasing by 100%, the net benefit of a move to regulation and control looks to be substantial. These figures do not seem to be widely known though. According to the TDPF Summary and Briefing paper on the SU report, the findings were â€Å"not made public because its findings undermined the tenets of global drug prohibition†.   The SU report would have put the United Kingdom Government in an awkward position as it is a signatory, and therefore supporter, to the UN’s 1998 10-year drug strategy, whose stated goal is â€Å"A Drug Free World – We Can Do It!† The UN Strategy supports prohibition as the way forward in the so called War on Drugs†. The SU report however demonstrates the opposite; d ecriminalization appears to be, at least financially, a more favorable approach to the problem. A frequently heard argument against legal state regulation is that decriminalisation will encourage drug use and increase use in current dependants. There is however no evidence that when Class A drugs are made available on prescription to dependent users, that levels of use rise. There is however some evidence that other related factors , such as de-stigmatisation and increased access to and contact with service providers, means that prescribed users are in fact more likely to utilise services and thus reduce or even cease use. In December of 2003 Phase 2 of the SU report, titled ‘Diagnosis and Recommendations’, was produced. The Phase II report focuses on the harms caused by the population of problematic heroin and crack users who are responsible for a disproportionately large number of prohibition-related crimes, rather than questioning how prohibition has created these crimes in the first instance (as identified in the Phase 1 report) .   The Phase II report noted that â€Å"Supply-side interventions have a limited role to play in reducing harm initiation into problematic drug use is not driven by changes in availability or price. Risk factors, particularly relating to deprivation, are the prime determinant of initiation into problematic drug use; price and availability play a secondary role, and there is no causal relationship between drug availability and   incidence.Nevertheless in this Phase II of the report, Phase 1’s critique of supply side interventions was sidelined, and an intensification of demand side measures aimed at high harm causing users (HHCUs) was recommended. The aim was to reduce property crime associated with fundraising to support a habit. This later culminated in recommendations in the new 2005 Drugs Act described by TDPF as â€Å"election-time populist†. A similar approach was seen when Professor Nutt published a report in October 2009 in which he stated that alcohol and tobacco were more harmful than many illegal drugs, including LSD, ecstasy and cannabis. The day after publication Professor Nutt was asked to resign as chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD). Nutt responded in the press by stating he was; â€Å"disappointed by the decision but linked it to political considerations†.The forced resignation of Nutt raised concerns amongst committee members over the independence of advice to the government and triggered five further resignations. Another two committee members resigned in spring 2010 over the decision of the ACMD to make Mephedrone illegal claiming they felt that the decision was unduly based on media and political pressure†. Early in 2010 David Nutt founded the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, the goal of his new committee is to complement and eventually supersede the ACMD by à ¢â‚¬Å"providing independent advice that is untainted by government interference†. Since the ACMD was set up in 1971, UK governments have nearly always acted upon their advice; in 1978 the recommendation to downgrade cannabis from class B to C was rejected. In 2002 the ACMD looked again at the status of Cannabis at request of the Home Secretary who accepted the recommendation to downgrade Cannabis from B to C. However in 2008 the Home Secretary rejected advice from the ACMD to keep Cannabis at class C, and in 2009 the Home Secretary vetoed the   ACMD recommendation that Ecstasy be downgraded from class A. It is therefore not possible for the government to uphold the claim that the UK’s drug policy is evidence based. Nutt goes a step further by stating it is also not based on ‘harm’; in 2010 Nutt et al published a multi-criteria decision analysis which showed that heroin, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine were the most harmful drugs to individuals, whereas alcohol, heroin, and crack cocaine were the most harmful to others. Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug, with heroin and crack cocaine in second and third places. Based on these findings Nutt et al conclude that† the present drug classification systems have little relation to the evidence of harm.† Conclusion The decisions taken by successive Governments show that prohibition is being pursued as it is seen as too dangerous politically to promote decriminalisation regardless of the overwhelming arguments to take a different stance. A cost benefit analysis such as described in the different Home Office and TDPF papers is a Utilitarian approach to the problem. It is impossible to ascribe monetary values to what is the heartbreaking suffering of drug dependency and its consequences. Nevertheless as stated in the TDPF report such analysis has its place; it provokes discussion, and also rationalises the debate for policy makers who have to make these seemingly cold and utilitarian policy decisions frequently. The TDPF report concludes that there is a far higher human cost under the current policy of criminally controlled drug markets than would occur under policy alternatives involving state control and regulation. Possibly the time has come for a more utilitarian approach to the human problem of drug-dependency. Given the current economic climate perhaps more politicians will be open to a different viewpoint and solution to a longstanding and to date unresolved problem. Bibliography Brian Vastag.† 5 Years After: Portugals Drug Decriminalization Policy Shows Positive Results† The Scientific American (7 April 2009) scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=portugal-drug-decriminalization (accessed 9/2/2011). Christine Godfrey et al. â€Å"Home Office Research Study 249-The economic and social costs David Nutt et al. ‘Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse’ (2007) Lancet 369, 1047-1053. 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